{"id":2321,"date":"2019-10-03T21:00:38","date_gmt":"2019-10-03T19:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/?p=2321"},"modified":"2025-01-31T12:22:26","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T11:22:26","slug":"77-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/77-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"77 Automne \/ Autunno 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\" data-fontsize=\"34\" data-lineheight=\"47\"><strong><div class=\"fusion-counters-circle counters-circle\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"counter-circle-wrapper\" style=\"--awb-font-size:34.090909090909px;--awb-size:150px;\" data-originalsize=\"150\"><div class=\"fusion-counter-circle counter-circle counter-circle-content\" data-percent=\"100\" data-countdown=\"\" data-filledcolor=\"rgba(0,165,55,1)\" data-unfilledcolor=\"rgba(246,246,246,1)\" data-scale=\"\" data-size=\"150\" data-speed=\"1500\" data-strokesize=\"7.5\"><div class=\"fusion-counter-circle-content-inner\">77<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Printemps\/Primavera 2019<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\" data-fontsize=\"34\" data-lineheight=\"47\"><em><strong>60 ans apr\u00e8s le Deuxi\u00e8me Congr\u00e8s des \u00c9crivains et Artistes Noirs (Rome, 1959) : l\u2019h\u00e9ritage<\/strong><\/em><\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\" data-fontsize=\"34\" data-lineheight=\"47\"><strong>sous la direction de Bernard Mouralis et de Nata\u0161a Raschi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/e26871502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-321\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/JSTOR_Logo_RGB_60x76-1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"46\" height=\"59\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/e26871502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lire ce num\u00e9ro sur JSTOR<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/e26871502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leggere questo numero su JSTOR<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-background-position:left top;--awb-background-blend-mode:overlay;--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-color:#ff3300;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:30px;--awb-padding-bottom:35px;--awb-background-color:rgba(224,224,224,0.95);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sommaire \/\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Indice<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-right:20px;--awb-padding-left:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-section-separator section-separator triangle fusion-section-separator-1\" style=\"--awb-border-bottom:1px solid rgba(224,224,224,0.95);--awb-spacer-height:1px;--awb-svg-margin-left:0;--awb-svg-margin-right:0;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;\"><div class=\"fusion-section-separator-svg\"><div class=\"divider-candy-arrow bottom\" style=\"top:0px;border-top-color: rgba(224,224,224,0.95);\"><\/div><div class=\"divider-candy bottom\" style=\"bottom:-21px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(224,224,224,0.95);border-left:1px solid rgba(224,224,224,0.95);\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-section-separator-spacer\"><div class=\"fusion-section-separator-spacer-height\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p><strong>Bernard Mouralis, Nata\u0161a Raschi<\/strong>, L&#8217;h\u00e9ritage de Rome<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-tabs fusion-tabs-1 classic nav-is-justified horizontal-tabs icon-position-left mobile-mode-accordion\" style=\"--awb-title-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-title-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-title-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-title-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-inactive-color:#ebeaea;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#ebeaea;--awb-active-border-color:#278157;\"><div class=\"nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\"><li class=\"active\" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-ddfd33fcc596e7a5e53\" aria-selected=\"true\" id=\"fusion-tab-articles\" href=\"#tab-ddfd33fcc596e7a5e53\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">Articles<\/h4><\/a><\/li><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-133bb962aca03410fec\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"fusion-tab-r\u00e9sum\u00e9s\" href=\"#tab-133bb962aca03410fec\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h4><\/a><\/li><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-7e5c5b86427c706dbf6\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"fusion-tab-abstracts\" href=\"#tab-7e5c5b86427c706dbf6\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">Abstracts<\/h4><\/a><\/li><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-7791ddcdc5d73791e39\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"fusion-tab-bio-bibliographiesdescontributeurs\" href=\"#tab-7791ddcdc5d73791e39\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">Bio-bibliographies des contributeurs<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-content\"><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\"><li class=\"active\" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-ddfd33fcc596e7a5e53\" aria-selected=\"true\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-articles\" href=\"#tab-ddfd33fcc596e7a5e53\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">Articles<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix in active\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-articles\" id=\"tab-ddfd33fcc596e7a5e53\">\n<p><b>Jean Derive<\/b>, Pour une pe\u0301riodisation raisonne\u0301e de la cre\u0301ation romanesque en Afrique francophone depuis le Congre\u0300s de Rome<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00e9lom Komlan Gbanou<\/strong>, \u00ab Tous les chemins me\u0300nent a\u0300 Rome ! \u00bb Destins et destine\u0301e de l\u2019institution litte\u0301raire africaine avant et apre\u0300s le Congre\u0300s de 1959<\/p>\n<p><strong>Josias Semujanga<\/strong>, De l\u2019invention de la modernite\u0301 culturelle et litte\u0301raire en Afrique<\/p>\n<p><strong>Odile Cazenave<\/strong>, L\u2019art de la transmission : ces e\u0301crivains en conversation avec leurs pe\u0300res\/pairs<\/p>\n<p><b>Florian Alix<\/b>, Figures du leader africain : politique et culture. Du Congre\u0300s de Rome au roman postcolonial<\/p>\n<p><b>Nata\u0161a Raschi<\/b>, L\u2019absence d\u2019une pre\u0301sence : du silence a\u0300 la parole des femmes noires<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\"><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-133bb962aca03410fec\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-r\u00e9sum\u00e9s\" href=\"#tab-133bb962aca03410fec\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9s<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-r\u00e9sum\u00e9s\" id=\"tab-133bb962aca03410fec\">\n<p><b>Jean Derive<\/b>, Pour une p\u00e9riodisation raisonn\u00e9e de la cr\u00e9ation romanesque en Afrique francophone depuis le Congr\u00e8s de Rome<br \/>\nCet article pr\u00e9sente, sur le crit\u00e8re de ruptures \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiques, trois p\u00e9riodes pertinentes dans la production romanesque en Afrique francophone\u202f: la p\u00e9riode de la posture panafricaine et de l\u2019\u00e9criture acad\u00e9mique (1950-1970)\u202f; la p\u00e9riode de l\u2019ancrage n\u00e9gro-local et de la \u00ab\u202ftropicalisation\u202f\u00bb du fran\u00e7ais (1970-2000)\u202f; la p\u00e9riode du d\u00e9centrement postcolonial et de l\u2019\u00e9criture d\u00e9complex\u00e9e dans le cadre de la litt\u00e9rature-monde (2000-2018). \u00c0 propos de chacune de ces trois p\u00e9riodes est \u00e9valu\u00e9 l\u2019h\u00e9ritage du congr\u00e8s de Rome.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00e9lom Komlan Gbanou<\/strong>,\u00a0\u00ab\u202fTous les chemins m\u00e8nent \u00e0 Rome\u202f!\u202f\u00bb Destins et destin\u00e9e de l\u2019institution litt\u00e9raire africaine avant et apr\u00e8s le Congr\u00e8s de 1959<br \/>\nCet article met le Congr\u00e8s de Rome au centre de la travers\u00e9e de l\u2019histoire des revendications identitaires des Noirs. En \u00e9tudiant les actes de cette rencontre, on aper\u00e7oit le lien difficile qui parcourt les litt\u00e9ratures africaines en qu\u00eate de l\u00e9gitimation\u202f: avant Rome, c\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9cho de Harlem et le chant de la solidarit\u00e9 de la diaspora avec l\u2019Afrique\u202f; apr\u00e8s Rome, c\u2019est la multiplication des projets fond\u00e9s sur l\u2019\u00e9quation savoir-pouvoir, o\u00f9 le pouvoir figurerait en tant que justification du savoir (lieux de production, de discussion et de jugement).<\/p>\n<p><b>Josias Semujanga<\/b>, De l\u2019invention de la modernit\u00e9 culturelle et litt\u00e9raire en Afrique<i><br \/>\n<\/i>Cette \u00e9tude part de l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que les d\u00e9bats du Congr\u00e8s de Rome n\u2019ont pris aucune ride 60 ans apr\u00e8s. Il s\u2019agit aujourd\u2019hui comme hier de r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes contemporains autant politiques, culturels qu\u2019\u00e9conomiques en Afrique et dans sa diaspora. Car la libert\u00e9 \u2013 individuelle, sociale, politique, \u00e9conomique et culturelle \u2013 demeure pour des millions de femmes et d\u2019hommes en Afrique, dans la Cara\u00efbe et aux \u00c9tats-Unis \u2013 o\u00f9 le racisme est le lot de nombreux Noirs \u2013 l\u2019horizon ultime de leurs aspirations et actions. Elle se limitera aux seul domaine de l\u2019art et litt\u00e9rature, et plus particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 l\u2019histoire des id\u00e9es sur ce sujet dans la critique litt\u00e9raire. On montrera comment l\u2019histoire de la critique litt\u00e9raire africaine relaie encore les id\u00e9es du Congr\u00e8s de Rome \u00e0 partir de trois aspects\u202f: le choix esth\u00e9tique, la langue d\u2019\u00e9criture et l\u2019engagement de l\u2019\u00e9crivain.<\/p>\n<p><b>Odile Cazenave<\/b>,\u00a0L\u2019art de la transmission\u202f: ces \u00e9crivains en conversation avec leurs p\u00e8res\/pairs<br \/>\n<i>Loin de mon p\u00e8re<\/i> (V\u00e9ronique Tadjo, 2010), <i>Ainsi parlait mon p\u00e8re<\/i> (Sami Tchak, 2018) et <i>Revenir<\/i> (Raharimanana, 2018) auxquels titres on pourrait ajouter <i>Pour que ton ombre murmure encore<\/i> (1999) d\u2019Ang\u00e8le Kingu\u00e9, et <i>Mon Royaume pour une guitare<\/i> (2016) de Kidi Bebey, \u00e9voquent la figure du p\u00e8re sous la forme d\u2019hommage ou de conversation. \u00c0 partir de la place accord\u00e9e \u00e0 la parole du p\u00e8re dans ces romans, l\u2019article examine en quoi leurs auteurs sont embl\u00e9matiques d\u2019une d\u00e9marche, et marquent un retour sur leur h\u00e9ritage litt\u00e9raire et culturel qui les situerait dans une autre conversation \u2013 virtuelle \u2013 avec leurs pairs, les Senghor, C\u00e9saire, Diop et Fanon, lesquels, au Congr\u00e8s de Rome en 1959, esquissaient les \u00e9tapes d\u2019une litt\u00e9rature qui puisse dialoguer avec les prises de conscience politique d\u2019alors.<\/p>\n<p><b>Florian Alix<\/b>,\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">Figures du leader africain<\/span>\u202f<span class=\"s1\">: politique et culture. Du Congr\u00e8s de Rome au roman postcolonial<br \/>\n<\/span>En 1959, les participants au Congr\u00e8s de Rome \u00e9tablissent un lien entre culture et politique\u202f: le dirigeant doit repr\u00e9senter la culture, dans un geste de d\u00e9fense ou d\u2019innovation. Cependant, on peut voir dans le roman postcolonial une transformation du leader en dictateur, qui semble \u00eatre un simulacre du point de vue culturel. Ainsi, le processus d\u2019\u00e9criture litt\u00e9raire n\u2019est pas de repr\u00e9sentation mais de figuration, interrogeant la dynamique de la repr\u00e9sentation politique.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nata\u0161a Raschi<\/strong>, L\u2019absence d\u2019une pr\u00e9sence\u202f: du silence \u00e0 la parole des femmes noires<br \/>\nL\u2019article analyse le manque de voix f\u00e9minines au Deuxi\u00e8me Congr\u00e8s des \u00c9crivains et Artistes noirs de 1959. Cette absence est d\u2019autant plus inqui\u00e9tante que les femmes sont pr\u00e9sentes dans la critique et la production litt\u00e9raire, ainsi que dans l\u2019oralit\u00e9 et l\u2019historiographie africaines, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire dans cette sph\u00e8re culturelle au sens large qui a amen\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9lite noire \u00e0 ses revendications. Pourtant, ce sont les hommes qui se battent pour leur avenir lors du Congr\u00e8s, ce qui d\u00e9terminera une entr\u00e9e tardive des femmes dans le panorama de la cr\u00e9ation litt\u00e9raire. Ce n\u2019est que vers les ann\u00e9es 1980 qu\u2019elles arrivent \u00e0 s\u2019imposer par leur parole, \u00e0 partir des espaces cr\u00e9atifs laiss\u00e9s libres par les hommes et finissant par occuper tous les genres.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\"><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-7e5c5b86427c706dbf6\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-abstracts\" href=\"#tab-7e5c5b86427c706dbf6\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">Abstracts<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-abstracts\" id=\"tab-7e5c5b86427c706dbf6\">\n<p><b>Jean Derive<\/b>, Historical Panorama of Novel Production in French-Speaking Africa, since Rome Symposium<br \/>\nThis paper, accounting some pertinent events, intends to present an historical panorama of novel production in French-Speaking Africa, divided in three distinct periods\u202f: the period of Panafrican posture and academic writing (1950-1970)\u202f; the period of ethnic or national reference distinguished by a \u00ab\u202ftropicalisation\u202f\u00bb of the French language (1970-2000)\u202f; the postcolonial period characterized by a free writing in the framework of World Literature (2000-2018). For each of these three periods, the inheritance of Rome symposium is evaluated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00e9lom Komlan Gbanou<\/strong>, \u00abAll roads lead to Rome\u202f!\u00bb Destiny and future of the African literary institution before and after the Congress of 1959<br \/>\nThis article focuses on the history of black identity claims. By studying the proceedings of the Rome Congress, it demonstrates the difficult link that crosses African literature in search of legitimacy\u202f: before Rome, it is the echo of Harlem\u202f; after Rome, it is the multiplication of projects based on the knowledge-power equation, where power appears as a justification of knowledge (places of production, discussion and judgment).<\/p>\n<p><b>Josias Semujanga<\/b>, On the invention of cultural and literary modernity in Africa<br \/>\nThis study is based on the assumption that the debates of the Rome Congress are still valid sixty years later. Today, as in the past, it is a matter of solving contemporary political, cultural and economic problems in Africa and its diaspora. Because freedom \u2013 individual, social, political, economic and cultural \u2013 remains for millions of women and men in Africa, the Caribbean and the United States \u2013 where racism is the lot of many Blacks \u2013 the ultimate horizon for their aspirations and actions. The study will be limited to the field of art and literature, and more particularly to the history of ideas on this subject in literary criticism. We will show how African criticism still relays the ideas of the Congress of Rome from three aspects\u202f: the aesthetic choice, the language of writing and the commitment of the writer.<\/p>\n<p><b>Odile Cazenave<\/b>, The art of transmission\u202f: contemporary francophone writers in conversation with their (spiritual) fathers<br \/>\n<i><\/i>Taking <i>Loin de mon p\u00e8re<\/i> (V\u00e9ronique Tadjo, 2010), <i>Ainsi parlait mon p\u00e8re<\/i> (Sami Tchak, 2018) and <i>Revenir<\/i> (Raharimanana, 2018), and also <i>Pour que ton ombre murmure encore<\/i> (1999) by Ang\u00e8le Kingu\u00e9 and Kidi Bebey\u2019s <i>Mon Royaume pour une guitare<\/i> (2016), as starting points, this article examines the role of the father and his voice in the micro-text, how it can be read as an aesthetic approach and query, and be emblematic of a larger conversation with the previous generation of intellectuals part of the <i>Congr\u00e8s de Rome<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p><b>Florian Alix<\/b>, Figures of the African leader\u202f: politics and culture from the Rome Congress to the postcolonial novel\u00a0<span class=\"s1\"><br \/>\n<\/span>In 1959, the participants of the Rome Congress establish a link between culture and politics\u202f: the leader has to represent the culture, to defend or to innovate it. However, we can see in postcolonial novel a transformation of leader into dictator, which appears to be a simulacre from the cultural point of view. In that way, the process of literary writing is not one of representation but one of figuration which interrogate the dynamic of political representation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nata\u0161a Raschi<\/strong>, The absence of a presence\u202f: from the silence to the voices of Black women<br \/>\nThe aim of this paper is to investigate the lack of women\u2019s voices at the Second Congress of Black Writers and Artists (Rome, 1959). It brings out the machismo of the French-speaking literary world of the time and the injustice perpetrated against women whose absence does not correspond at all to a void. This absence is all the more worrying because women are present in literary criticism and production, as well as in African orality and historiography. However, it is men who are fighting for their future at the Congress and it is always men who are in charge of talking about them and for them after independence, which will cause women to lag behind in entering the panorama of literary creation. It was only in the 1980s that women raise their own voices and take their place in literary production, at first by using the creative spaces left free by men and then occupying all genres.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\"><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-7791ddcdc5d73791e39\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-bio-bibliographiesdescontributeurs\" href=\"#tab-7791ddcdc5d73791e39\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">Bio-bibliographies des contributeurs<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-bio-bibliographiesdescontributeurs\" id=\"tab-7791ddcdc5d73791e39\">\n<p><b>Bernard Mouralis<br \/>\n<\/b>Bernard Mouralis est professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Cergy-Pontoise. Il a enseign\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Lille\u202fIII ainsi que dans plusieurs universit\u00e9s africaines (Abidjan, Lom\u00e9, Cotonou). Ses publications portent sur les litt\u00e9ratures de langue fran\u00e7aise en Afrique subsaharienne, les relations entre litt\u00e9ratures et cultures du Nord et du Sud, la th\u00e9orie de la litt\u00e9rature. Dans ces trois domaines, il a publi\u00e9 une vingtaine d\u2019ouvrages. Parmi ceux-ci\u202f: <i>Individu et collectivit\u00e9 dans le roman n\u00e9gro-africain <\/i>(Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abidjan, 1969), <i>Les Contre-litt\u00e9ratures <\/i>(PUF, 1975, r\u00e9\u00e9d. 2011), <i>L\u2019\u0153uvre de Mongo Beti <\/i>(Saint-Paul, 1981), <i>Litt\u00e9rature et d\u00e9veloppement. Essai sur le statut, la fonction et la repr\u00e9sentation de la litt\u00e9rature n\u00e9gro-africaine d\u2019expression fran\u00e7aise <\/i>(Silex, 1984), <i>V.<\/i>&#8211;<i>Y.<\/i>\u202f<i>Mudimbe ou le discours, l\u2019\u00e9cart et l\u2019\u00e9criture<\/i> (Pr\u00e9sence Africaine, 1988), <i>Montaigne et le mythe du bon sauvage, de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 \u00e0 Rousseau<\/i> (Bordas, 1988), <i>L\u2019Europe, l\u2019Afrique et la folie<\/i> (Pr\u00e9sence Africaine, 1993), <i>R\u00e9publique et colonies<\/i> (Pr\u00e9sence Africaine, 1999, r\u00e9\u00e9d. 2012), <i>L\u2019Illusion de l\u2019alt\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/i> (Champion, 2007), <i>Litt\u00e9ratures africaines et Antiquit\u00e9 <\/i>(Champion, 2011), <i>Le Sud du Nord<\/i> (Champion, 2014), <i>Th\u00e9o Ananissoh, Sony Labou Tansi, Am\u00e9la et moi<\/i> (L\u2019Harmattan, 2017). &lt;b.mouralis@free.fr&gt;<\/p>\n<p><b>Jean Derive<\/b><br \/>\nJean Derive est professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Savoie-Montblanc o\u00f9, jusqu\u2019en 2003, enseignant la litt\u00e9rature compar\u00e9e, il s\u2019est sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les litt\u00e9ratures francophones, notamment africaines. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 chercheur \u00e0 l\u2019UMR LLACAN (Langues, Langage, Cultures en Afrique Noire) jusqu\u2019en 2018. Entre autres, il a publi\u00e9\u202f: <i>Collecte et traduction des litt\u00e9ratures orales<\/i> (Selaf, 1975)\u202f; <i>Le Fonctionnement sociologique de la litt\u00e9rature orale<\/i> (Institut d\u2019Ethnologie, 1987)\u202f; (avec G. Dumestre) <i>Des hommes et des b\u00eates. Chants de chasseurs mandingues<\/i> (Classiques Africains, 1999)\u202f; <i>L\u2019\u00e9pop\u00e9e, unit\u00e9 et diversit\u00e9 d\u2019un genre<\/i> (Karthala, 2002)\u202f; <i>L\u2019Art du verbe dans l\u2019oralit\u00e9 africaine<\/i> (L\u2019Harmattan, 2012)\u202f; <i>Chanter l\u2019amour en pays dioula<\/i> (Classiques Africains, 2018). &lt;jean.derive@orange.fr&gt;<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00e9lom Komlan Gbanou<\/strong><br \/>\nS\u00e9lom Komlan Gbanou est Professeur titulaire de litt\u00e9rature, de th\u00e9\u00e2tre et de cin\u00e9ma de langue fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Calgary (Canada), apr\u00e8s avoir enseign\u00e9 la litt\u00e9rature et le th\u00e9\u00e2tre francophones aux Universit\u00e9s de Br\u00eame et de Bayreuth en Allemagne. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 professeur invit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole nationale de th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Canada (Montr\u00e9al). Il est membre du CIEF, du CELFA (Centre d\u2019\u00c9tudes Linguistiques et Litt\u00e9raires Francophones et Africaines) et est aussi fondateur et directeur de la revue d\u2019\u00e9tudes francophones <i>Palabres<\/i> dont le premier num\u00e9ro remonte \u00e0 1996. &lt;sgbanou@ucalgary.ca&gt;<\/p>\n<p><b>Josias Semujanga<\/b><i><br \/>\n<\/i>Josias Semujanga est professeur de litt\u00e9ratures francophones au D\u00e9partement des litt\u00e9ratures de langue fran\u00e7aise de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al. Ses travaux portent sur le roman africain, la th\u00e9orie litt\u00e9raire et les r\u00e9cits du g\u00e9nocide. Ses principales publications sont, entre autres, <i>Narrating Itsembabwoko\u202f: When Literature Becomes Testimony of Genocide<\/i> (Peter Lang, 2016)\u202f; <i>Intertextualit\u00e9 et adaptation dans les litt\u00e9ratures francophones<\/i> (avec Isaac Bazi\u00e9, Athena Verlag, 2013)\u202f; <i>Le G\u00e9nocide, sujet de fiction<\/i>\u202f<i>? Analyse des r\u00e9cits du massacre des Tutsi dans la litt\u00e9rature africaine <\/i>(Nota Bene, 2008)\u202f; <i>Origins of the Rwandan Genocide<\/i> (Humanity Books, 2003)\u202f; <i>Dynamique des genres dans le roman africain. \u00c9l\u00e9ments de po\u00e9tique transculturelle<\/i> (L\u2019Harmattan, 1999)\u202f; <i>Les R\u00e9cits fondateurs du drame rwandais. Discours social, id\u00e9ologies et st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes <\/i>(L\u2019Harmattan, 1998) et <i>Configuration de l\u2019\u00e9nonciation interculturelle<\/i> (Nota Bene, 1996). Il a \u00e9galement dirig\u00e9 de num\u00e9ros de revue, entre autres\u202f: <i>Les Figures du livre et de l\u2019\u00e9crivain dans le roman africain<\/i> (<i>Pr\u00e9sence francophone<\/i>, 2018)\u202f; <i>Le T\u00e9moignage d\u2019un g\u00e9nocide ou les chatoiements d\u2019un discours indicible<\/i> (<i>Pr\u00e9sence francophone<\/i>, 2007)\u202f; <i>Ahmadou Kourouma ou la m\u00e9moire du temps pr\u00e9sent<\/i> (<i>\u00c9tudes fran\u00e7aises<\/i>, 2006)\u202f; <i>La Rumeur<\/i> (<i>Prot\u00e9e<\/i>, 2004) et <i>Les Formes transculturelles du roman francophone<\/i> (<i>Tangence<\/i>, 2004). &lt;josias.semujanga@umontreal.ca&gt;<\/p>\n<p><b>Odile Cazenave<br \/>\n<\/b><i><\/i>Odile Cazenave est professeure d\u2019\u00e9tudes fran\u00e7aises \u00e0 la Boston University et y dirige le Department of Romance Studies. Sa recherche porte sur l\u2019\u00e9criture, l\u2019esth\u00e9tique et la r\u00e9ception de textes litt\u00e9raires et filmiques postcoloniaux en fran\u00e7ais. Ses publications incluent <i>Femmes rebelles\u202f: naissance d\u2019un nouveau roman africain au f\u00e9minin<\/i> (L\u2019Harmattan, 1996\u202f; en anglais, 1999), <i>Afrique sur Seine. Une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de romanciers africains \u00e0 Paris<\/i> (L\u2019Harmattan, 2003\u202f; en anglais, 2005) et, en co-\u00e9criture avec Patricia C\u00e9l\u00e9rier, <i>Contemporary Francophone African Writers and the Burden of Commitment <\/i>(University of Virginia Press, 2011)<i>. <\/i>\u00c9ditrice invit\u00e9e ou co-\u00e9ditrice pour plusieurs num\u00e9ros de revues, elle a notamment co-\u00e9dit\u00e9 <i>L\u2019Engagement au f\u00e9minin <\/i>avec l\u2019\u00e9crivaine et philosophe Tanella Boni (<i>Cultures Sud<\/i>, n.\u202f172), et, avec Patricia C\u00e9l\u00e9rier, <i>Vingt ans apr\u00e8s le g\u00e9nocide des Tutsi du Rwanda\u202f: regards sur la production artistique <\/i>(<i>Pr\u00e9sence francophone<\/i>,<i> <\/i>n.\u202f85), ainsi que <i>Nouvelles \u00c9tudes Francophones<\/i>, vol.\u202f33, n.\u202f1, 2018 portant sur le documentaire africain et afro-diasporique. &lt;cazenave@bu.edu&gt;<\/p>\n<p><b>Florian Alix<br \/>\n<\/b>Florian Alix est ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences \u00e0 la Facult\u00e9 des Lettres de Sorbonne-Universit\u00e9, rattach\u00e9 au CIEF. Il est l\u2019auteur d\u2019une th\u00e8se sur l\u2019essai postcolonial. Plusieurs de ses articles ont paru sur les litt\u00e9ratures subsahariennes, maghr\u00e9bines et antillaises (\u00c9douard Glissant, Dany Laferri\u00e8re, Driss Chra\u00efbi, Abdelkebir Khatibi, Mongo B\u00e9ti, V.-Y.\u202fMudimbe\u2026). Membre du collectif \u00ab\u202fWrite back\u202f\u00bb, il a codirig\u00e9 l\u2019ouvrage <i>Postcolonial Studies\u202f: modes d\u2019emploi <\/i>(Lyon, PUL, 2013). &lt;florian.alix.13@gmail.com&gt;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nata\u0161a Raschi<br \/>\n<\/strong>Nata\u0161a Raschi est professeure associ\u00e9e de langue fran\u00e7aise aupr\u00e8s du D\u00e9partement des Lettres de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de P\u00e9rouse. Elle a publi\u00e9, parmi d\u2019autres, des essais sur l\u2019\u0153uvre de Bernard Dadi\u00e9, d\u2019Alain Mabanckou, de Werewere Liking, de Charles Nokan, d\u2019Ahmadou Kourouma et de Bernard Zadi Zaourou, et un livre ayant pour titre <i>Quand le tronc se fait ca\u00efman. Drammaturgie di Costa d\u2019Avorio<\/i> (Bulzoni, 2002). Elle a traduit du fran\u00e7ais en italien Bernard Zadi Zaourou (<i>Il Segreto degli Dei<\/i>, La Rosa, 1999 et <i>Teatro e poesia in Costa d\u2019Avorio<\/i>, L\u2019Harmattan Italia, 2002) et Werewere Liking (<i>Parlare cantando<\/i>, L\u2019Harmattan Italia, 2003 et <i>Medea. I rischi di una certa reputazione<\/i>, Stampatori, 2006). &lt;natasa.raschi@unipg.it&gt;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><h2><strong>Comptes rendus\/Recensioni<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p class=\"p1\">E.\u202fBertho, <i>Sorci\u00e8res, tyrans, h\u00e9ros. M\u00e9moires postcoloniales de r\u00e9sistants africains <\/i>(\u00c9. Brezault)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">A.\u202fAdler (dir.), <i>Arno Bertina <\/i>(M.\u202fKieffer)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">S.\u202fTeroni, <i>Da una modernit\u00e0 all\u2019altra. Tra Baudelaire e Sartre <\/i>(M.\u202fC.\u202fGnocchi)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">M.\u202fBertini, <i>L\u2019Ombra di Vautrin. Proust lettore di Balzac<\/i><span class=\"s1\"> (I.\u202fVidotto)<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Notes de lecture\/Schede<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Pubblicato con contributi del Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature e Culture Moderne dell&#8217;Universit\u00e0 di Bologna.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ISBN 978 88 222 6689 7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:rgba(224,224,224,0.95);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Revue de presse\u00a0\/\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rassegna stampa<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><i class=\"fb-icon-element-1 fb-icon-element fontawesome-icon fa-link fas circle-yes fusion-text-flow\" style=\"--awb-circlecolor:#278157;--awb-circlecolor-hover:#278157;--awb-circlebordersize:1px;--awb-font-size:28.16px;--awb-width:56.32px;--awb-height:56.32px;--awb-line-height:54.32px;--awb-margin-right:16px;\"><\/i><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/mondesfrancophones.com\/blog\/comptes-rendus\/deux-livraisons-de-francofonia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Michel Herland dans Le Blog de <em>Mondes francophones<\/em><i>, revue mondiale des francophonies<\/i>, 8 mars 2020<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><i class=\"fb-icon-element-2 fb-icon-element fontawesome-icon fa-link fas circle-yes fusion-text-flow\" style=\"--awb-circlecolor:#278157;--awb-circlecolor-hover:#278157;--awb-circlebordersize:1px;--awb-font-size:28.16px;--awb-width:56.32px;--awb-height:56.32px;--awb-line-height:54.32px;--awb-margin-right:16px;\"><\/i><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/coma\/6528\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Xavier Luce dans\u00a0<em>Continents Manuscrits, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique des textes litt\u00e9raires &#8211; Afrique, Cara<\/em><em>\u00efbe, diaspora<\/em>, 2 novembre 2020<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><i class=\"fb-icon-element-3 fb-icon-element fontawesome-icon fa-link fas circle-yes fusion-text-flow\" style=\"--awb-circlecolor:#278157;--awb-circlecolor-hover:#278157;--awb-circlebordersize:1px;--awb-font-size:28.16px;--awb-width:56.32px;--awb-height:56.32px;--awb-line-height:54.32px;--awb-margin-right:16px;\"><\/i><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/studifrancesi\/44388\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emanuela Cacchioli dans <em>Studi francesi<\/em>, gennaio-aprile 2021<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><i class=\"fb-icon-element-4 fb-icon-element fontawesome-icon fa-link fas circle-yes fusion-text-flow\" style=\"--awb-circlecolor:#278157;--awb-circlecolor-hover:#278157;--awb-circlebordersize:1px;--awb-font-size:28.16px;--awb-width:56.32px;--awb-height:56.32px;--awb-line-height:54.32px;--awb-margin-right:16px;\"><\/i><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/pub\/17\/article\/844739\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Edgard Sankara dans <em>Nouvelles \u00c9tudes Francophones<\/em>, vol. 36, 2021<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><i class=\"fb-icon-element-5 fb-icon-element fontawesome-icon fa-link fas circle-yes fusion-text-flow\" style=\"--awb-circlecolor:#278157;--awb-circlebordersize:1px;--awb-font-size:28.16px;--awb-width:56.32px;--awb-height:56.32px;--awb-line-height:54.32px;--awb-margin-right:16px;\"><\/i><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#278157;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.co.za\/toc\/french\/2021\/51-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bernard De Meyer dans <em>French Studies in Southern Africa<\/em>,\u00a0 Vol. 2021, No. 51-1<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\" data-fontsize=\"34\" data-lineheight=\"47\"><em><strong>60 ans apre\u0300s le Deuxie\u0300me Congre\u0300s des E\u0301crivains et Artistes Noirs (Rome, 1959) : l\u2019he\u0301ritage<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<p align=\"center\">sous la direction de Bernard Mouralis et Natas\u030ca Raschi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2323,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rivista"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2321"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2670,"href":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2321\/revisions\/2670"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/francofonia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}