﻿{"id":335,"date":"2016-05-02T11:44:16","date_gmt":"2016-05-02T09:44:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp\/?p=335"},"modified":"2020-01-09T12:55:44","modified_gmt":"2020-01-09T11:55:44","slug":"charles-macklin-169099-1779-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/2016\/05\/02\/charles-macklin-169099-1779-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Charles Macklin (1699-1797)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h6><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Click <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/2016\/05\/02\/charles-macklin-169099-1779-2#english-translation\">here<\/a> for English translation<\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n<table style=\"height: 10px; width: 309px;\" width=\"30\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 10px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 10px; width: 293px;\">\n<h5><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Charles Macklin (1699-1797)<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-405 size-medium alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2010EK1274_jpg_ds-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"2010EK1274_jpg_ds\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2010EK1274_jpg_ds-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2010EK1274_jpg_ds-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/2010EK1274_jpg_ds.jpg 355w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 85vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Non si conosce con esattezza la data di nascita del controverso e anticonvenzionale Charles Macklin, tuttavia sono note le sue origini irlandesi (il vero cognome era McLaughlin) e la data di morte, avvenuta a Londra nel 1797. Macklin visse a lungo, tanto che la sua opera di drammaturgo e attore si svolse nel corso dell\u2019intero XVIII secolo. Secondo le fonti, discenderebbe da una famiglia appartenente alla piccola nobilt\u00e0 terriera a cui, in seguito agli eventi della Rivoluzione del 1688 ed al tradimento del sovrano James II, sarebbero stati sottratti i possedimenti. Frequent\u00f2 un collegio nei dintorni di Dublino e durante questi anni interpret\u00f2 il suo primo ruolo teatrale nella tragedia <em>The Orphan<\/em> di Thomas Otway, esperienza che fece nascere in lui la passione per il teatro.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Una volta trasferitosi a Londra accett\u00f2 per alcuni anni lavori fra i pi\u00f9 disparati, prima di dedicarsi completamente al teatro. Collabor\u00f2 quindi con diverse compagnie, spostandosi tra il Galles, le contee inglesi centrali e le aree di Bath e Bristol. Fu proprio in questi anni che adott\u00f2 uno stile pi\u00f9 spontaneo e realistico nella recitazione, preferendolo ad uno pi\u00f9 artificioso e costruito. Il suo carattere impulsivo, se non talvolta violento, mal si addiceva allo stile pomposo che caratterizzava la scena teatrale contemporanea. Sebbene non sia mai stato provato, pare che tale impulsivit\u00e0 gli sia costata il licenziamento da una compagnia teatrale, dopo una performance particolarmente poco apprezzata al Lincoln\u2019s Inn Felds, nel 1725. La percezione della relazione tra l\u2019accento provinciale e aristocratico, la dizione teatrale e la sua visione del realismo furono ci\u00f2 che caratterizz\u00f2 e sostenne la sua professione di attore e di insegnante di recitazione.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-406 size-medium alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/d_macklin_12438-300x200-1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"d_macklin_12438-300x200\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Nel 1733 recit\u00f2 al Drury Lane\u2014inizialmente con parti minori\u2014al quale diede il proprio contributo anche a livello gestionale, diventando indispensabile sia come attore, sia come socio. Proprio durante il periodo trascorso al Drury Lane conobbe l\u2019attrice Ann Grace con la quale ebbe una lunga relazione ed una figlia, Maria, che divenne a sua volta attrice di successo. Nel 1735, il suo carattere violento ed impulsivo lo port\u00f2 a colpire con un bastone un collega durante una futile discussione, uccidendolo involontariamente; venne poi riconosciuto innocente in seguito a regolare processo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">La stagione teatrale del 1740-1741 fu caratterizzata da due eventi fondamentali per la carriera di Macklin. Il primo fu la sua comparsa nella farsa di David Garrick <em>Lethe, or, Esop in the Shades<\/em>, che inizialmente consacr\u00f2 l\u2019amicizia tra i due, trasformatasi in seguito in rivalit\u00e0. Il secondo fu invece il suo sensazionale debutto nei panni di Shylock. La sua notoriet\u00e0 fu infatti strettamente legata a questa prima grande interpretazione in <em>The Merchant of Venice<\/em> al Drury Lane, nel 1741. Il grande successo del suo Shylock fu dovuto soprattutto al fatto che seppe conferire al personaggio una tragicit\u00e0 propria, ben diversa dal convenzionale ruolo comico a cui era stato relegato. Macklin fu un grande attore, capace di riscuotere notevoli consensi per ogni parte interpretata, ma rimase sempre caratterizzato da quell\u2019impulsivit\u00e0 caratteriale che gli procur\u00f2 denunce e dispute legali, ma anche forti ostilit\u00e0, come nel caso del dissidio con Garrick. Sebbene per qualche tempo sia stato costretto ad allontanarsi dalla scena, ad ogni ritorno corrispondeva un nuovo grande successo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-404 size-medium alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/a_c-macklin-242x300-1-242x300.jpg\" alt=\"a_c-macklin-242x300\" width=\"242\" height=\"300\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">A rendere immortale la sua fama di attore fu proprio Shylock, che interpret\u00f2 per oltre 50 anni e al quale confer\u00ec una natura crudele e sprezzante. Per prepararsi alla parte lesse le opere dello scrittore di origini romane ed ebree Titus Flavius Josephus e frequent\u00f2 locali di ritrovo di ebrei per osservare il loro comportamento e prenderne spunto per il personaggio. Macklin diede un contributo significativo al teatro settecentesco, conferendo enfasi alla caratterizzazione dei personaggi e sostenendo una realistica realizzazione dei costumi; fu inoltre uno tra i primi attori a documentarsi sulla vita di coloro che interpretava. Il suo stile di recitazione si prest\u00f2 molto bene all&#8217;interpretazione di parti anche pi\u00f9 psicologicamente complesse: memorabili il suo Iago (a fianco di David Garrick nella parte di Otello) ed il suo peculiare Macbeth, curiosamente anziano nella rappresentazione del 1774. Compose anche opere proprie, due delle quali furono considerate dei capolavori: <em>Love \u00e0 la mode<\/em> (1759), satira comica che tratta il tema del trionfo dell\u2019amore sul denaro, ridicolizzando temi come i pregiudizi, l\u2019intolleranza e stereotipi etnici, e <em>The Man of the World<\/em> (1781), che affronta il tema del conflitto tra avidit\u00e0 e amore.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Gli ultimi anni della sua vita furono caratterizzati da sordit\u00e0 e problemi legati alla capacit\u00e0 di concentrazione, oltre a gravi disagi di natura economica. Mor\u00ec in povert\u00e0 nel 1797, alla presunta et\u00e0 di 107 anni, la cui veridicit\u00e0 non \u00e8 mai stata attestata. Ci\u00f2 che \u00e8 senz\u2019altro vero, \u00e8 che Macklin calc\u00f2 il palcoscenico e visse a contatto con l&#8217;ambiente teatrale per quasi sessant\u2019anni, annoverandosi tra le figure pi\u00f9 importanti del teatro inglese del Settecento.<\/span><\/p>\n<h6 id=\"english-translation\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">English Translation<\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6>Charles Macklin (1699-1797)<\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">No one knows the exact birthdate of the controversial, unorthodox Charles Macklin, however his Irish origins (his actual surname was McLaughlin) and the date of his death in London in 1797 are known. Macklin lived for a long time, so long that his work as an actor and playwright evolved over the course of the 18th century. According to sources, he was descended from landed gentry whose lands had been taken from them following the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and deposition of King James II. He attended a school near Dublin and during these years performed his first theatrical role in the tragedy The Orphan by Tomas Otway. This experience made him develop a strong passion for theatre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Once Macklin moved to London he worked in various jobs for a few years before dedicating himself completely to the theatre. He collaborated with different companies, moving between Wales, various English counties, Bath and Bristol. It was during these years that he took on a more realistic and spontaneous acting style, preferring it to a more artificial performance. It had never been done before and it seemed that such choice ended up costing him a job with a theatre company after a poorly received performance at Lincoln\u2019s Inn Fields in 1725. His perception of the relationship between provincial and aristocratic accents, his diction and pragmatism were what defined him and helped him maintain a career as actor and acting teacher.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">In 1733 Macklin performed at Drury Lane \u2013 initially in minor roles \u2013 where he contributed as an actor and manager, becoming indispensable as both. During this time, he met actress Ann Grace, with whom he shared a long relationship and a daughter, Maria, who later became a popular actress. In 1735, his violent, impulsive nature led him to strike a colleague through the eye with his cane during a trifling discussion, unintentionally killing him; he was tried for murder but found not guilty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">In the 1740-41 theatrical season, Macklin\u2019s career was marked by two fundamental events: his appearing in David Garrick\u2019s show Lethe, or, Esop in the Shades, which initially kindled a friendship between him and Garrick, which soon became a rivalry; and his sensational debut in the role of Shylock. In fact, his notoriety was closely linked to this first great performance in The Merchant of Venice at Drury Lane in 1741. The great success behind his Shylock was chiefly due to the fact that he knew how to convey the character\u2019s tragic nature, after he was relegated for so long to a conventional comical role. Macklin was a great actor, able to gain considerable support no matter the role he played, but he was marked by his impulsive nature that brought him complaints, legal disputes and a lot of hostility, as in the case of his conflict with Garrick. Although he was forced to take some time away from the stage, every return was another grand success.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Charles Macklin was immortalised by the role of Shylock, upon whom he bestowed a cruel and contemptuous nature. To prepare himself for the part, he read the works of Romano-Jewish historian Titus Flavius Josephus and went to hangouts to observe the behaviours of the Jewish<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">people as inspiration for the role. Macklin contributed significantly to eighteenth-century theatre, focusing on the various adaptations of the characters he played and realistic styling of their outfits; he was also one of the first actors to document his life. His acting style worked very well for more psychologically complex characters: the most memorable of his roles was as Iago (alongside David Garrick as Othello) and his curiously elderly Macbeth from his 1774 performance. Macklin also wrote his own works, two of which were considered masterpieces: Love \u00e0 la mode (1759), a satirical comedy about love triumphing over money, ridiculing themes such as prejudice, intolerance and ethnic stereotypes, and Man of the World (1781), which addresses the conflict of greed and love.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">The last years of Macklin\u2019s life were marked by deafness, issues with concentration and financial hardship. He died a poor man in 1797, at the estimated age of 107, that has never been confirmed. What is for sure is that Charles Macklin performed and lived a life in the theatrical world for almost 70 years, becoming one of the most important figures of the English eighteenth-century theatre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Translated by Aisha Gueye<br \/>\nRevised by Dott.ssa Valentina Pramaggiore<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Bibliografia\/Bibliography<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/charlesmacklinac00appl\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/charlesmacklinac00appl<\/a> &#8220;Charles Macklin; an actor&#8217;s life&#8221; [Ultima Consultazione 01\/09\/2020]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxforddnb.com\/view\/10.1093\/ref:odnb\/9780198614128.001.0001\/odnb-9780198614128-e-17622\">https:\/\/www.oxforddnb.com\/view\/10.1093\/ref:odnb\/9780198614128.001.0001\/odnb-9780198614128-e-17622<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0<span class=\"name\">Macklin\u00a0[Melaghlin, MacLaughlin], Charles\u00a0 [Ultima Consultazione 01\/09\/2020]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Click here for English translation Charles Macklin (1699-1797) Non si conosce con esattezza la data di nascita del controverso e anticonvenzionale Charles Macklin, tuttavia sono note le sue origini irlandesi (il vero cognome era McLaughlin) e la data di morte, avvenuta a Londra nel 1797. Macklin visse a lungo, tanto che la sua opera di &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/2016\/05\/02\/charles-macklin-169099-1779-2\/\" class=\"more-link\">Leggi tutto<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Charles Macklin (1699-1797)&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,4],"tags":[38,39,46],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/335"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=335"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":967,"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/335\/revisions\/967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}