﻿{"id":75,"date":"2016-04-29T11:01:51","date_gmt":"2016-04-29T09:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp\/?p=75"},"modified":"2020-10-13T10:46:16","modified_gmt":"2020-10-13T08:46:16","slug":"little-theatre-in-the-haymarket-theatre-royal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/2016\/04\/29\/little-theatre-in-the-haymarket-theatre-royal\/","title":{"rendered":"Little Theatre in the Haymarket (Theatre Royal)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>Little Theatre in the Haymarket (Theatre Royal)<\/h5>\n<figure style=\"width: 406px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"irc_mi\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.thestage.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Theatre-Royal-Haymarket-c-Masterclass-TRH-2.jpg\" alt=\"Related image\" width=\"406\" height=\"264\" data-iml=\"1562933658158\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vista della facciata del Theatre Royal Haymarket oggi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Haymarket Theatre nacque in una Londra di estremi, costruita appena 60 anni dopo essere stata distrutta da un incendio, una citt\u00e0 in cui i pi\u00f9 ricchi vivevano a stretto contatto con i pi\u00f9 poveri. Fu proprio qui, nella citt\u00e0 pi\u00f9 grande d\u2019Europa che un giovane carpentiere, John Potter decise, nel 1720, di aprire un piccolo teatro, nelle vicinanze di un negozio di armi chiamato \u201cCannon and Musket\u201d. Fin dalla sua apertura, il teatro (inizialmente conosciuto come Hay Market e, successivamente, come Little Theatre in the Hay) fu segnato da gravi problemi. In primo luogo, i teatri necessitavano di una licenza per poter mettere in scena le opere, licenza che Potter non possedeva. Per non vedere il suo progetto fallire, Potter prese la decisione di mettere in scena qualsiasi cosa, dai concerti alle performance amatoriali, persino esibizioni di strada. Questa attivit\u00e0, per\u00f2, era illegale, e il teatro di Potter venne chiuso dalla polizia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Questo iniziale periodo buio del teatro termin\u00f2 con l\u2019arrivo del Duca di Montague che, arrivato a Londra con una troupe di attori francesi e l\u2019opera \u201c<em>La Fille A La Mode<\/em>\u201d, si rivolse proprio all\u2019Haymarket Theatre per mettere in scena la performance, la prima del teatro. Nonostante il fatto che l\u2019opera non ottenne grande successo, port\u00f2 comunque all\u2019affermazione del teatro come <em>playhouse<\/em> professionale la cui reputazione crebbe gradualmente fino al successo al botteghino nel 1729 con la messa in scena di \u201cHurlothrumbo\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 208px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oxforddnb.com\/doc\/searchableMedia\/odnb-9780198614128-e-1002996-graphic-1-full.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"208\" height=\"313\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Litografia che ritrae Henry Fielding, circa 1762.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">In seguito al successo raggiunto con \u201cHurlothrumbo\u201d, il giovane Henry Fielding, arrivato da Oxford e pieno di idee, procur\u00f2 al Little Theatre in The Hay una serie di messe in scena di grande successo, iniziando con un burlesque: \u201cTom Thumb\u201d. Una delle sue opere pi\u00f9 note fu \u201c<em>The Historical Register<\/em>\u201d (1734) che aveva all\u2019interno un personaggio (Quidam) che rappresentava un politico corrotto che il pubblico associ\u00f2 istantaneamente alla figura del Primo Ministro Walpole. Quest\u2019ultimo si infuri\u00f2 dopo il successo dell\u2019opera e decise, per ripicca, di pubblicare un Atto che avrebbe cambiato la storia del teatro per oltre 300 anni. Il Licensing Act del 1737 infatti, conferiva al Lord Ciambellano poteri di censura mai avuti prima. Il Little Theatre in the Hay rimase chiuso per i successivi 8 anni e il Censorship Bill venne abolito solamente nel 1968.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Il teatro riapr\u00ec nel 1741 con l\u2019arrivo di un attore molto noto, Charles Maclkin, che port\u00f2 una grande innovazione al teatro: radun\u00f2 un gruppo di giovani attori e cre\u00f2 quella che pu\u00f2 essere considerata come la prima scuola di teatro, con la possibilit\u00e0 per il pubblico di assistere alle prove.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 243px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oxforddnb.com\/doc\/searchableMedia\/odnb-9780198614128-e-1001585-graphic-1-full.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"243\" height=\"301\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Ritratto di Samuel Foote, circa 1769.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">A partire dal 1754 l\u2019Hay Market ebbe un nuovo amministratore, il noto mimo Samuel Foote che divenne personaggio comico dopo che, durante il Royal Hunting Party, per scherzo, cadde da cavallo con lo sfortunato risultato di una gamba rotta e la necessit\u00e0 di un\u2019amputazione. Poich\u00e9 al Royal Hunting Party era presente anche il Duca di York, amico personale di Foote, a seguito dell\u2019incidente chiese se ci fosse qualcosa che\u00a0poteva fare per aiutarlo. Foote rispose che l\u2019unica cosa che desiderava era una licenza per il proprio teatro. Seppur con riluttanza da parte di Re Giorgio III, gli venne concessa con una piccola clausola: la licenza sarebbe durata solo nei mesi estivi e solo fino alla morte di Foote. Foote accett\u00f2 questa clausola e, in seguito ad alcune migliorie apportate all\u2019edificio, il teatro riapr\u00ec nel 1767 con il nome di Theatre Royal Haymarket.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oxforddnb.com\/doc\/searchableMedia\/odnb-9780198614128-e-1002933-graphic-1-full.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"372\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Ritratto di George Colman the Elder, circa 1778.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">L\u2019anno seguente, il teatro pass\u00f2 nelle mani di George Colman the Elder che volle immediatamente avviare lavori di ristrutturazione al teatro; nonostante la grandezza di questi lavori, il pubblico continu\u00f2, in ogni caso, a lanciare frutti marci agli attori sul palco. Nonostante questo apparente insuccesso, George Colman riusc\u00ec a risollevare la reputazione del teatro mettendo in scena le prime due opere di Oliver Goldsmith (tra cui vi era anche \u201c<em>He Stoops to Conquer<\/em>\u201d) e assumendo alcuni tra i pi\u00f9 illustri attori del tempo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1f\/Little_Theatre_Haymarket.jpg\/432px-Little_Theatre_Haymarket.jpg\" alt=\"File:Little Theatre Haymarket.jpg\" width=\"432\" height=\"599\" data-file-width=\"2306\" data-file-height=\"3200\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Purtroppo il figlio di George Colman, che aveva preso in gestione il teatro alla morte del padre, non aveva la stessa abilit\u00e0 di quest\u2019ultimo negli affari e fin\u00ec presto nella prigione dei debitori. Dopo qualche anno affid\u00f2 la gestione del teatro a David Morris, con cui ebbe una collaborazione burrascosa. Quando Morris ebbe la possibilit\u00e0 di gestire da solo il teatro, inizi\u00f2 una nuova era per il Theatre Royal. Nel 1821, infatti, il nuovo Theatre Royal Haymarket riapr\u00ec le sue porte dopo essere stato ristrutturato sulla base di un progetto dell\u2019architetto John Nash; la produzione messa in scena all\u2019apertura fu \u201c<em>The Rivals<\/em>\u201d di Sheridan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Haymarket Theatre from Leigh's New Picture of London (1827) \" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-P3VosTCzseo\/WO9pU1C-jkI\/AAAAAAAAZWA\/n_LDcGYymqEDNTnpEYLkhY8OgG-TWaAPQCLcB\/s400\/Haymarket%2BTheatre%2Bfrom%2BLeigh%2527s%2BNew%2BPicture%2Bof%2BLondon%2B1827.jpg\" alt=\"Haymarket Theatre from Leigh's New Picture of London (1827) \" width=\"400\" height=\"345\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"mainImage\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" title=\"Benjamin Nottingham Webster, by Unknown photographer, 1870s - NPG Ax7602 - \u00a9 National Portrait Gallery, London\" src=\"https:\/\/collectionimages.npg.org.uk\/large\/mw137396\/Benjamin-Nottingham-Webster.jpg\" alt=\"Benjamin Nottingham Webster, by Unknown photographer, 1870s - NPG Ax7602 - \u00a9 National Portrait Gallery, London\" width=\"236\" height=\"363\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Dal 1837, con l\u2019arrivo di Benjamin Webster (successore di Morris), il teatro inizi\u00f2 ad attrarre alcuni tra gli attori pi\u00f9 conosciuti e, persino la Regina Vittoria divenne una frequentatrice abituale del teatro. Grazie alla vicinanza della Regina con il nuovo gestore vennero create la Royal Receiving Room e la Royal Box.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Negli anni successivi il teatro pass\u00f2 sotto diverse gestioni, fino a che non pass\u00f2 nelle mani di Herbert Beerbohm Tree, uno dei maggiori attori e manager dei periodi Vittoriano e Edoardiano. Sotto la sua gestione furono numerose le personalit\u00e0 che frequentavano il teatro, tra i pi\u00f9 importanti ricordiamo il critico Gorge Bernard Shaw e Oscar Wilde le cui opere \u201c<em>A Woman of No Importance<\/em>\u201d e \u201c<em>An Ideal Husband<\/em>\u201d vennero messe in scena in quel periodo. Dieci anni dopo, Tree lasci\u00f2 il Royal Haymarket per aprire un nuovo teatro, il Queen\u2019s Theatre, luogo in cui avrebbe anche vissuto.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">I successori di Tree furono Frederick Harrison Cyril Maude che portarono il teatro a mettere in scena produzioni affascinanti fra cui \u201c<em>The Blue Bird<\/em>\u201d di Maeterlinck, \u201c<em>Ghosts<\/em>\u201d di Ibsen e \u201c<em>Mary Rose<\/em>\u201d di J.M. Barrie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"irc_mi\" src=\"https:\/\/www.antiquemapsandprints.com\/ekmps\/shops\/richben90\/images\/london-1955-theatre-royal.haymarket.-old-vintage-print.-178370-p.jpg\" alt=\"Related image\" width=\"435\" height=\"338\" data-atf=\"0\" data-iml=\"1562936214142\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Negli anni \u201960 del Novecento il teatro era conosciuto come casa delle \u201cClassic plays\u201d grazie al lavoro di Louis Michaels e del produttore Duncan Weldon. Alla morte di Michaels nel 1981, il teatro pass\u00f2 nelle mani dell\u2019attuale presidente della Compagnia \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Louis I Michaels Ltd\u201d Arnold M. Crook che fece mettere in scena opere tra cui \u201c<em>Man and Superman<\/em>\u201d, \u201c<em>Orpheus Descending<\/em>\u201d e \u201c<em>The Way of The World<\/em>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Bibliografia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trh.co.uk\/theatre-history\/\">https:\/\/trh.co.uk\/theatre-history\/<\/a> \u201cTheatre History\u201d, <em>Theatre Royal Haymarket<\/em> [Consultato il 25\/04\/2019]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">English Version\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Little Theatre in the Haymarket (Theatre Royal)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">The Haymarket Theatre was born in a London to extreme, the city was destroyed by flames only 60 years before, a city where rich people lived in close contact with the poor. In 1720, precisely here, a young carpenter, John Potter, decided to open a little theatre, near a gun shop called \u201cCannon and Musket\u201d. Since its opening, the theatre (initially known as Haymarket, and later as Little Theatre in the Hay), had been marked by serious problems. First of all, theatres needed a license in order to stage plays, which Potter didn&#8217;t have. Since Potter didn&#8217;t want to see his project failing, Potter decided to stage all sort of things, from concerts to amateur performances, even street exhibitions. Nevertheless, this kind of activity was illegal, so Potter&#8217;s theatre was shut down by the police.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">The very difficult period ended when the Duke of Montague arrived in London with a company of French actors and the play \u201cLa Fille A La Mode\u201d. Montague spoke precisely to the Haymarket Theatre\u2019s manager in order to stage the drama. Even if the performance was mot very successful, it helped the theatre affirming itself as a professional playhouse, the reputation grown gradually until its box-office success in 1729, with the staging of Hulothrumbo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">After the success gained with Hulothrumbo, the young Henry Fielding, who came from Oxford full of ideas, got for the theatre a series of famous shows, starting with the burlesque: Tom Thumb. One of his most renowned work was The Historical Register (1734), which included a character (Quidam), who represented a corrupt politician that the public instantly idetified with the Prime Minister Walpole. The minister got extremely angry after the performance&#8217;s success and decided, as a revenge, to promulgate an Act that changed the history of the English. The Licencing Act (1737), conferred a stronger censorship power upon the Lord Chamberlain and his office. The Little Theatre in the Hay remained closed for the following 8 years and the Censorship Bill was abolished only in 1968.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">The theatre reopened in 1741 thanks to a well-known actor, Charles Maclkin, who brought a great innovation to the Haymarket theatre: he gathered up a group of young actors and created an institution that today can be considered as the first acting school, which gave to the audience the opportunity to see the rehearsals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">From 1754, the Hay Market had a new manager, the renowned mime Samuel Foote, who became a comic figure when, during the Royal Hunting Party, he fell from the horse as a joke with the unlucky outcome of a broken leg and, consequently, its amputation. When at the Royal Hunting Party the Duke of York, a friend of Foote\u2019s, asked what he could do to help him, Foote replied that the only thing he desired was a licence for his theatre. Despite King George III&#8217; s reluctance, Foote obtained the licence with a little clause: it was valid only in the summer, and only until Foote&#8217;s death. He accepted the King\u2019s conditions and, after some improvements to the building, the theatre reopened in 1767 under the name of Theatre Royal Haymarket.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">The following years, the theatre passed into the hands of George Colman the Elder, who wanted to start immediately the works of restoration; despite the size of these works, the public continued to throw rotten fruits to the actors. In spite of this apparent failure, George Colman was able to improve the theatre&#8217;s reputation, staging Oliver Goldsmith\u2019s first two plays (like He Stoops to Conquer) and hiring some of the most eminent actors of the time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Unfortunately, George Colman&#8217;s son, took the theatre&#8217;s management but he did not have his father&#8217;s ability in business and soon went to prison for debts. After a few years, he passed on the management to David Morris, with whom he had a troubled collaboration. When Morris had the chance to manage the theatre by himself, it was the beginning a new era for the Theatre Royal. In 1821, in fact, the new Theatre Royal Haymarket reopened his doors to the public after its restoration project of the architect John Nash; the performance staged during the reopening night was The Rivals by Sheridan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">From 1837, with the arrival of Benjamin Webster (Morris\u2019s successor), the theatre started to attract some of the most renowned actors of the time and even Queen Victoria became a regular visitor of the theatre. It was thanks to the affinity between the queen and the new manager that the Royal Receiving Room and the Royal Box were created.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">In the following years the theatre went through different managements, until it ended into the hands of Herbert Beerbohm Tree, one of the major actors and managers of the Victorian and Edwardian Period. Under his management numerous personalities frequented the theatre, among all the most remarkable personalities, we remember Gorge Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde, whose works A Woman of No Importance and An Ideal Husband, were staged in that period. Ten years later Tree left the Royal Haymarket to open a new theatre, the Queen&#8217;s Theatre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Tree\u2019s successors were Frederick Harrison and Cyril Maude, who brought the theatre to stage fascinating productions, like \u201cThe Blue Bird\u201d by Maeterlinck, \u201cGhosts\u201d by Ibsen and \u201cMary Rose\u201d by J.M. Barrie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">In the 1960s the theatre was known as the home of the \u201cClassic plays\u201d thanks to the work of Luis Michaels and the producer Duncan Weldon. With the death of Michaels in 1981, the theatre passed into the hands of the current president of the company (\u201cLouis I Michaels Ltd\u201d) Arnold M. Crook, who staged the works Man and Superman, Orpheus Descending and The Way of The World.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Little Theatre in the Haymarket (Theatre Royal) Haymarket Theatre nacque in una Londra di estremi, costruita appena 60 anni dopo essere stata distrutta da un incendio, una citt\u00e0 in cui i pi\u00f9 ricchi vivevano a stretto contatto con i pi\u00f9 poveri. Fu proprio qui, nella citt\u00e0 pi\u00f9 grande d\u2019Europa che un giovane carpentiere, John Potter &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/2016\/04\/29\/little-theatre-in-the-haymarket-theatre-royal\/\" class=\"more-link\">Leggi tutto<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Little Theatre in the Haymarket (Theatre Royal)&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[23,21,22],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1072,"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75\/revisions\/1072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lilec.it\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}